The paper focuses on the comparison between the crash results and the results obtained from a numerical simulation, by using the Virtual Crash software. 358 achieved by DSD GmbH in Austria, in 2018, and consisted of an experiment during which a passenger car hits, at high speed, a stationary truck. The research presented in the paper is focused on the validation of a vehicle collision simulation programme, namely Virtual Crash ver. Source: Accident Analysis & Prevention, Volume 176, October 2022, 106792Ībstract: Road accident reconstruction is a very complex task, which is more and more based on computer simulation of the vehicles’ motion (kinematic and kinetic approach) and of the collision between vehicles, pedestrians and/or different other objects. The results and analysis presented could be helpful for developing legislation to minimize conflicts between bicyclists and pedestrians on shared paths and to reduce potential injury to pedestrians. Finally, recommendations have been proposed based on the study, including a speed limit of not more than 12 km/h for bicyclists on narrow shared paths and footpaths where risks of collisions with pedestrians are high. Also, video analysis of simulated collisions has suggested that the accident mechanism depends on weight and height profiles (correlated with different age groups) and impact directions. In general, direct impacts on pedestrian body center have been found to yield higher HIC values and probability of severe head injury to pedestrians than off-center impacts. According to the results, the impact directions largely influence the outcome of bicyclepedestrian collisions. The analysis has been further extended to study the effect of height and weight profile, bicycle mass, and impact directions on bicyclistpedestrian collisions. The results show a significant effect of collision speed (p < 0.05) on all four metrics. Following that, the HIC and the probability of severe head injury to pedestrians are computed. For each simulation, the throw distance and peak head velocity on impact with the ground are extracted. The bicyclist-pedestrian collision simulations have been analyzed based on four metrics: throw distance, peak head velocity on impact with the ground, head injury criterion (HIC) value, and the probability of severe head injury. The study has considered five levels of collision speed ranging from 10 km/h to 30 km/h, three pedestrian profiles (adult, child, and elderly) differentiated by their weight and height, three bicycles with different masses, and five impact directions. This paper presents a detailed investigation of bicyclist-pedestrian collisions and possible injury outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to understand the factors that affect the risk of injury in such accidents, especially to pedestrians who are considered more vulnerable. The risk of bicyclist-pedestrian accidents is also increasing accordingly. Many cities have allowed cyclists to share space with pedestrians on footpaths and off-road paths to reduce conflict with motor vehicles. Abstract: Bicyclists and pedestrians are two large vulnerable groups of road users.
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